Teeth Grinding and Sleep Apnea

Rose knows that The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) found that nearly 1 in 4 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suffer from teeth grinding or bruxism during the night. Teeth grinding is more common in white males than any other ethnic group. In the US, 8% of the population experience bruxism, a condition associated with preexisting dental or jaw disorders, as well as stress. Other factors may explain the relationship between sleep apnea and teeth grinding including anxiety and caffeine use.

Men also are known to suffer from severe sleep apnea and sleep bruxism is usually related to an arousal response. Arousal responses such as snoring, gasps, mumbles, grunting and teeth grinding are symptoms of sleep apnea. If sleep apnea is untreated it can cause other health issues like; depression and daytime restlessness. Day time restlessness causes a person to drink more caffeinated beverages which has been associated with a high risk of bruxism. Caffeinated beverages also are related to gastroespohageal reflux of GERD. In a study with 150 men and 150 women by Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, results concluded that a little more than 25% suffered from bruxism, while 35% complained of GERD. Further results found that white men had a higher rate of bruxism and African-American men complained of acid reflux or GERD.

Results from untreated bruxism can lead to tooth wear and decay, periodontal tissue damage, jaw pain, and temporomandibular joint or TMJ pain, headaches, and sleep disturbances for patients and their bed partners. My father suffers from untreated bruxism and all his teeth are worn down. Since bruxism happens while sleeping many people may not get treatment because they don’t realize that it causes other health issue due to the fact that it takes time for the symptoms to appear. Men usually don’t get treatment until they experience dental pain. Studies do suggest that sleep bruxism is related to OSA and a CPAP machine may be necessary to keep airways unobstructed as well as eliminate bruxism and manage a patient’s sleep disorder.

According to the American Sleep Apnea Association; there are three types of apnea: obstructive, central, and mixed; of the three, obstructive is the most common. Despite the differences, all three cause people to stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep.

Obstructive sleep apnea is caused by a blockage of the airway, usually when the soft tissue in the rear of the throat collapses and closes during sleep. In central sleep apnea, the airway is not blocked but the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe. Mixed apnea, as the name implies, is a combination of the two. With each apnea event, the person temporarily arouses during their sleep in order for them to resume breathing, but sometimes their sleep partner is the only one aware that they have stopped breathing. A person can stop breathing many times during the night and as long as a minute.

Untreated, sleep apnea can cause high blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease, memory problems, weight gain, impotency, teeth grinding and headaches. Fortunately, sleep apnea along with teeth grinding can be diagnosed and treated. If you feel you are suffering either from sleep apnea or teeth grinding, it is recommended to see your physician or your dentist.

Study Finds Sounds During Sleep Aide Memory

Rose here ...I found this interesting article on the New York Times website:

Science has never given much credence to claims that you can learn Chinese or French by having the instruction CDs play while you sleep. If any learning happens that way, most scientists say, the language lesson is probably waking the sleeper up, not causing nouns and verbs to seep into a sound-asleep mind.

But a new study about a different kind of audio approach during sleep gives insight into how the sleeping brain works, and may eventually come in handy to people studying a language, cramming for a test or memorizing lines in a play.

Scientists at Northwestern University reported that playing specific sounds while people slept helped them remember more of what they had learned before they fell sleep, to the point where memories of individual facts were enhanced.

In a study published online Thursday by the journal Science, researchers taught people to move 50 pictures to their correct locations on a computer screen. Each picture was accompanied by a related sound, like a meow for a cat and whirring for a helicopter.

Then, 12 subjects took a nap, during which 25 of the sounds were played along with white noise. When they awoke, none realized that the sounds had been played or could guess which ones had been used. Yet almost all remembered more precisely the computer locations of the pictures associated with the 25 sounds that had been played while they slept, doing less well placing the other 25 pictures.

“We were able to cue people to specific information they had learned,” said Ken A. Paller, a cognitive neuroscientist at Northwestern and co-author of the study. “The thinking is that during sleep, memory consolidation is going on and that rehearsal is a good way to strengthen memories.

“We showed that you can get information in during sleep using the auditory system and that you can cue that rehearsal by providing sounds specific to each episode of learning.”

The study adds a dimension to a theory that sleep allows the brain to process and consolidate memories.

A 2007 study found that people who were given whiffs of rose scent as they learned a task remembered the task better when they also inhaled rose scent while sleeping. But the new research suggests that individual memories can be explicitly singled out for strengthening.

“We haven’t before been able to manipulate very specific memories,” said Matthew P. Walker, a neuroscientist at the University of California, Berkeley, who was not involved in the study.

“If you can experimentally amplify the memory-reinforcing process by forcing those sounds back into the brain while we’re asleep,” Dr. Walker said, it “may actually give us some clues as to what that mechanism is.”

Robert Stickgold, a cognitive neuroscientist at Harvard also not involved in the study, noted that the researchers did not play literal phrases recapping the memory, like “the cat is in the lower left,” but instead sound cues associated with a picture and a spatial task. The sounds made sense, too — the meow did not accompany the picture of dynamite, for example.

“It’s not really that you reminded them of what they needed to know,” Dr. Stickgold said, “but rather you reminded them of a larger memory that they needed to know.”

Not every scientist who studies sleep was impressed.

Robert P. Vertes, a neuroscience professor at Florida Atlantic University, said the results showed “such a minor effect that it’s not significant,” adding that the effect was even less significant because other study subjects who remained awake showed similarly better recall with sound cues.

The authors said more research was needed, but added that while awake people would be expected to do better with sound cues, the study was significant because it suggested that people could be coached during sleep.

Sara C. Mednick, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, who was not involved in the study, was intrigued that the sleeping subjects appeared to show slight electrical shifts in their brain waves shortly after cues were played, suggesting that the brain replayed “prior experiences.”

The authors said they were interested in how long memory-enhancement was retained after waking and whether “this kind of thing will show up with overnight sleep,” said John D. Rudoy, a co-author and doctoral student at Northwestern.

The subjects napped 90 minutes or less, long enough to experience slow-wave or deep sleep but not REM sleep. Some scientists believe that in slow-wave sleep the brain reinforces factual memories, while in REM sleep the brain sorts and organizes memories.

The authors and other experts said the study’s primary contribution was helping to understand the brain’s memory-making process and reinforcing, as Dr. Walker put it, “how important it is to get a good eight hours.”

But Dr. Paller said he was exploring whether auditory cues could help reinforce cognitive behavioral therapy for people with depression or anxiety. And in other areas, he said, the method probably could not teach information, but reinforce something already learned.

“One of our speculations is that SAT scores could be improved,” he said.

It might help “a football player trying to learn a playbook,” Dr. Paller added. “Even remembering people’s names.”
And all this time I thought I just had to sleep on a book to retain the information...things you learn.
Good Evening,
Rose Sheepskill

Sleep Aides: Colic Baby Can’t Sleep

Rose knows during a baby’s first few weeks in life until they reach their third or fourth month they may experience colic. There are no known prescription drugs to treat colic. Parents must find natural ways to treat and comfort the child during this transition to a new environment, baby food and formula/breast milk.

The baby can survive on breast milk alone for the first six months, then they start eating solid foods like baby cereal. I breast fed my daughter until she was nine months, but alternated her feedings with breast milk in the morning and late at night with a cereal/formula mixture first taken by bottle and later by spoon in the afternoon. If you don't produce enough milk or simply choose not to breast feed, you have to find a baby formula that is best for your child.  As you take the child’s diet into consideration, many formulas produce gas and indigestion especially when they are sleeping. Enfamil Nutramigen LIPIL, a hypoallergenic formula or Soyamilch, a soy formula, is a possible solution as it doesn’t have the same gas building properties. Many pediatricians recommend water, but please consult your pediatrician before you do so.

Once you have established a diet plan to aid the child’s colic other methods have been found to help the child go to sleep. Sleep music devices that play lullabies, instrumental or cradle songs can be attached to the side of their crib.

If the child cries many parents will walk or rock the child until it falls asleep, but this has been a proven unhealthy sleep habit. As the child matures the need for continuing this method will create sleeping problems such as the child waking during the night and wanting to be rocked or coddled again to fall sleep. Some parents give into letting the child just sleep with them which is a hard sleeping habit to break. The best way to soothe a crying child to sleep, if all else fails, is to take them for a car ride or giving them a warm bath using aromatherapy like lavender.

Make sure their bedding is comfortable and the room temperature not below 70 degrees. It is not recommended for an infant to use a memory foam mattress pad until the child can lift its head. Memory foam mattress pads can become too soft when it is warmed by the child’s body and could cause suffocation.

If the child is on baby food, try foods that are rich with tryptophan. Tryptophan is known to cause drowsiness. Turkey, cereals and even formula such as Enfamil Nutramigen LIPIL has tryptophan. Here are the ingredients for Enfamil Nutramigen LIPIL:

It is a hypoallergenic formula for babies who cry excessively or develop other colic symptoms or rash due to milk protein allergy. It's easy-to-digest, balanced nutrition for baby's first 12 months.

Corn Syrup Solids (46%), Vegetable Oil (Palm Olein, Soy, Coconut), and High Oleic Sunflower Oils (25%), Casein Hydrolysate (17%), Modified Corn Starch (7%), Less Than 2%:, Mortierella Alpina Oil (source of Arachidonic Acid (ARA)), Crypthecodinium Cohni Oil (source of Docosahexaenioic Acid (DHA)), Vitamin A Palmitate, Vitamin D 3, Vitamin E Acetate, Vitamin K1, Thiamin Hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Vitamin B 6 Hydrochloride, Vitamin B 12, Niacinamide, Folic Acid, Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, Ascorbic Acid, Choline Chloride, Inositol, Calcium Citrate, Calcium Hydroxide, Calcium Phosphate, Magnesium Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Cupric Sulfate, Sodium Iodide, Sodium Selenite, Sodium Citrate, Potassium Citrate, Potassium Chloride, L Cystine, L-Tyrosine, L Tryptophan, Taurine, L Carnitine

P.S. Many doctors will start a colicky baby out on a hypoallergenic formula, but sometimes a child will go through 5 or more formulas before finding the one that works the best. It trial and error when finding one that the child tolerates. Then when you think all is well the child will start reacting to it causing gas cramps and indigestion all over again. On average it takes as long as three months before a reaction can occur.

Good Evening,
Rose Sheepskill

Dr. Oz and Beating the Bed Bug Epidemic

Rose here...I was watching Dr. Oz on November 19, 2009 and his show was about bed bugs. Now I  find bed bugs to be a great late night snack as they are full of protein, but no one likes the little critters using them as a snack. Dr. Oz website has an article that states bed bugs are back and could be coming to a bedroom near you. Here’s how to show them the door.

Remember when “sleep tight and don’t let the bed bugs bite” was just a cute bedtime expression that didn’t mean anything? Well, those days are over. After 6 decades of living largely bed bug-free, the US is facing a national infestation. In fact, the incidence of bed bug infestation has risen 500% in the last few years alone, and they’re not just in dirty hotels.

Outbreaks of these teeny, blood-sucking critters have been reported in every kind of neighborhood in every state across the country, and that means you’re at risk right now. Here’s what you need to know to truly sleep tight at night.

Things That Go Bite In The Night
Bed bugs are insects that rely on the blood of humans or animals to survive. As babies, they are tiny as pinheads. A full-grown adult that’s been making a nightly meal of you can balloon to the size of Lincoln’s head on the penny. These little parasites are nocturnal and hate light, so they wait until the dark to creep out for their meals, which is why it can take so long to discover you’ve been sharing your home with them.

Making A Meal Out Of You
Bed bugs hunt for a bare patch of skin and then hunker down to fill up before dawn. Someone who has a serious infestation could be bitten as many as 500 times per night. More often, you might see several bites clustered in one spot. Doctors call this “breakfast, lunch, and dinner,” because the bugs are cramming all their meals into a short span of time.

You will likely call it a very itchy rash, because the saliva of bed bugs causes an allergic reaction in many people. Though some people have no response, others can develop asthma, or in very rare cases, life-threatening anaphylactic shock.

Going On A Bed bug Hunt
Bed bugs hide in dark spots where they’re unlikely to be disturbed. When you hunt for them, you may not see live bugs, so keep an eye out for their calling cards: rust-colored spots (that used to be your blood), eggs (pearly white and 1 millimeter long) and molted skins. Here’s where to look:

• The boxspring: Lift it up and look underneath and along the seams. In some cases, professionals will slice open the cloth to look inside, because the bugs love the wood frame.

• Nearby furniture: Inspect sofas, the undersides of bureau drawers, behind the headboard, and the backs and undersides of nightstands. Pay special attention to cracks, crevices, and seams.

• On the wall: Peek under picture frames, wall hangings, peeling wallpaper or chipped paint.

Stay Calm And Get Help
If you find evidence of bed bugs, call a professional right away. Do not panic and toss your belongings in the street. Moving an infested mattress will just spread the infestation both to other parts of your house and to your neighbors. Bug bombs do not help, and, in some cases, make it much worse, dispersing live bugs to where they cannot be found.

Tossing Out The Welcome Mat
Even if you don’t have a rash or find bed bugs after reading this, there are several important steps you can take to make sure you don’t join the icky statistics.

• Lock ‘em out: Buy a mattress encasement designed and tested for bed bugs. There’s no way these suckers can get into (or out of) an approved encasement. So, even if bed bugs are introduced to your home, they won’t be able to settle in and will be much easier to spot. Wash your linens weekly (in water at least 120 degrees.)

• Trap ‘em: Bed bug interceptors are small plastic dishes that go under bed legs. The bugs can climb up them, but then they slide down into them and become trapped and easy to spot.

• Don’t invite them home: As tempting as that comfy armchair at the yard sale may be, don’t buy it. Used furniture such as beds, sofas, and chairs can harbor hidden bugs and bring them right into your home. Keep clutter around your bed to a minimum and never store anything under the bed.

• Don’t pick up hitchhikers: Hotels are one of the prime spots forbed bugs to branch out into new territory. Without even knowing it, you may be bringing home a little stowaway who can wreak havoc in your home. First inspect your hotel room as you did your home. Next, keep luggage on racks as far from the bed and sofas as possible. When you get home, wash anything that can be laundered in a hot wash of at least 120 degrees. Or dry on high heat. For items that cannot be exposed to high temperatures, seal them in plastic bags for travel. As for the luggage itself, there are PackTight portable units you can purchase that plug into the wall and heat your suitcase to destroy bugs and eggs or use a luggage spray specifically designed to kill bed bugs.

If you have invested in a Kirby Vacuum System, you can use it on your mattress and suck those suckers up.  Another way to keep bed bugs out of your bed is to get a memory foam mattress topper.  Bed bugs can't nestle in the  pad and make a home.  Good to know?    Any other suggestions I'd love to hear them, but now I need a snack.  Yummmm, these guys are so good.
Good Evening,
Rose Sheepskill

Dreams to Sleep Easy – Understanding REM Sleep

Rose knows dreams can be very important to sleep easy. According to a recent paper published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience a psychiatrist and long time sleep researcher at Harvard, Dr. J. Allan Hobson, disputed that the main function of rapid-eye-movement sleep or REM when most dreaming occurs, is physiological. The brain is foreseeing sight, sounds and emotions of waking. He explains “It helps explain a lot of things, like why people forget so many dreams. It’s like jogging; the body doesn’t remember every step, but it knows it has exercised. It has been tuned up. It’s the same idea here: dreams are tuning the mind for conscious awareness.”

Deriving on his work and others, he states that dreaming is a parallel state of consciousness that is continually operating but normally suppressed during waking hours. This might explain why we drift off during the day and daydream.

“Most people who have studied dreams start out with some predetermined psychological ideas and try to make dreaming fit those,” said Dr. Mark Mahowald, a neurologist who is director of the sleep disorders program at Hennepin County Medical Center, in Minneapolis. “What I like about this new paper is that he doesn’t make any assumptions about what dreaming is doing.”

This innovative approach about dreaming is partial based on the finding about REM sleep. Studies have found that REM is detectable in humans, other warm-blooded mammals and birds. REM makes its appearance very early in life — in the third trimester for humans, well before a developing child has experienced dreaming. The fetus may be visualizing something long before their eyes ever open. Objects and emotions in their dreams come later in life.

Many people can remember their dreams and enjoy trying to figure out what they mean. A recent study of more than 1,000 people, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and Harvard found strong preconceptions in the interpretations of dreams. For instance, the participants tended to attach more significance to a negative dream if it was about something they disliked and more to a positive dream if it was about a loved one. Negative dreams cause the person to wake during the night and harder for them to fall back asleep without visualizing the nightmare when they close their eyes. If you can’t get to back to sleep within 15 – 20 minutes, it is best to get up and do something like read or watch TV to divert your mind on other subject matter.

Scientists know this because some people have the ability to watch their own dreams as observers, without waking up. This state of consciousness, called lucid dreaming, is itself something a mystery —but one in which Dr. Hobson finds strong support for his argument for dreams as a physiological warm-up before waking.

Lucid dreaming occurs during the period when you are not fully awake, but some people experience lucid dreams while sleepwalking and night terrors which represents muscle activity and non-REM sleep. The sleep disorder, narcolepsy, shows that people are in a state of REM during normal daytime wakefulness.

In the journal Sleep, Ursula Voss of J. W. Goethe at the University in Frankfurt led a team that analyzed brain waves during REM sleep, waking and lucid dreaming. It found that lucid dreaming had elements of REM and of waking — they also concluded that when you close your eyes at night you will experience a flash of your last dream. Researchers have found if you are able to remember and reconstruct a (positive) lucid dream it will help you to fall asleep easy.
Paradox Lost - Midnight in the Battleground of Sleep and Dreams - Violent Moving Nightmares, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Good Evening,
Rose Sheepskill

Sleep Aides for Sick Children

Rose knows that over the last month both of her friend's grandchildren have fought strep throat, vomiting, fevers and body aches. Thankfully with medicine and TLC they feel much better, but still have a hard time sleeping through the night. Here are some tips and techniques to make your child more comfortable when they are sick.

When a child is sick they can become easily dehydrated due to fevers, vomiting and diarrhea. It is very important that they are well hydrated with fluids like; water, diluted fruit juice, Gatorade, Pedialyte or weak decaffeinated herbal teas; such as Sleepytime tea, peppermint or chamomile. Pedialyte is recommended by pediatricians to replace necessary electrolytes. Warm milk not only will hydrate your child it is also a great sleep aide. Milk is full of tryptophan which is known to make you drowsy. Cow’s mild causes phlegm, so sunflower seed milk is an excellent alternative (see recipe below). Babies under one should either have breast milk or formula.

Buy a good humidifier. When children or anyone is stuffed up we open our mouths to breathe while we sleep causing us to wake with a sore throat. Sleeping with our mouths open will also add to our dehydration. Keeping the air well hydrated will ensure we sleep easier. You can also try a child’s saline nasal spray to aid a child’s stuffy nose. Read the recommended dosage for your child’s age as it may not be advisable for a child under the age of two. Children over the age of two can prop their heads up to help them breathe easier. Children under two can use a nasal nose bulb or aspirator to clear out their nose.

Our bodies perform many functions to maintain our health while we sleep. That is why is necessary to get the recommended hours of sleep for their age group. While infants can sleep up to 18 hours per day a healthy 1-3 year old still needs 12 to 14 hours of sleep. 11 to 12 hours for 3 – 6 year olds, 10 to 11 hours for 7 – 12 year olds and 9 to 10 hours for 13 – 17. While healthy adults, 18 years and older, need at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep at night. When children are sick they may require more sleep than the normal for their body to fight off the infection.

If your child has a bad cough that prevents them from sleeping and staying asleep a natural cough remedy can help them sleep.

Cough remedy I
1 teaspoon of honey *
1 tablespoon of lemon juice (freshly squeezed)
Stir mixture in a little bit of drinking water and drink immediately.
Take this 2-3 times a day.

Cough remedy II
Freshly squeezed lemon juice (1/2 a lemon)
Mix with a little bit of drinking water and drink immediately.
You can take this as many times as you want.

*A warning to parents: A child under the age of 1 should never be given honey. Their digestive system is not fully developed causing them to be at risk for contracting infant botulism. Over the counter cough and cold medications for children under the age of 6 were banned in Canada last year because the medicines proved to be ineffective and actually caused more harm than good. Experts are questioning whether the ban should apply to kids under the age of 12 as well.
Hopefully these tips and techniques will help your child get the much needed rest they need. If they do, than you will sleep a lot easier too.

Sunflower Seed Milk
NO: gluten, dairy, nuts, eggs

Ingredients:
1 cup soaked sunflower seeds
2-3 tablespoons raw honey
1/4 teaspoon vanilla extract
water

Preparation:

Soak 1 cup of raw sunflower seeds overnight.
Rinse sunflower seeds and add to Vitamix or other high-powered blender.
Fill blender container with water approximately 1/2 full.
Add raw honey and vanilla extract.
Blend until contents are liquified.

Since I didn't measure the water and every blender is different, you may have to add more depending on your blender.
The Vitamix does a very good job of liquifying the ingredients, so there is hardly any pulp.
You can strain the pulp if you wish, but I don't.

Sunflower seeds contain linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid. The seeds are also good sources of dietary fiber, protein, vitamin E, B Vitamins, and minerals such as potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium and zinc. If that isn't enough, they are also rich in cholesterol-lowering phyotosterols (phytochemicals naturally occuring in plants).
The best way to eat sunflower seeds is raw, not roasted. Raw sunflower seeds have not been heated or treated with salt. You can find raw hulled sunflower seeds at your local natural foods market.

Absolutely great as a drink by itself, added to cereal or smoothies, or simply topped with spices (cinammon, cardamom and nutmeg) and devoured along with some pumpkin spice bread.
How much protein?
Sunflower seeds contain 8grams of protein per 1/4 cup.
A great addition to anyone's diet!

How else can I use it?
Sunflower seed milk can also be used in recipes that otherwise call for dairy or soy milk. We even used it to make potatoes au gratin!

Daylight Saving Time Ends Interferes with Sleep Cycle

Rose knows each fall, Daylight Saving Time (DST) ends and we get an extra hour of sleep. For the most part, the beginning of DST is little more of an inconvenience when we are more affected by losing an hour in the spring.

Either way, a change in our daylight hours disrupts the release of melatonin.  Melatonin is a hormone that is produced in our pineal gland and regulates our sleep cycle or our Circadian Rhythm. When this interference occurs we can experience impair memory, concentration and performance, restlessness and symptoms often compared to 'jet lag'. If you already have a sleep disorders, the changes in time can become a health issue.

With just a few simple lifestyle changes, you can help make the adjustment:

• Get your exercise or workout done early in the day.  Exercising at night only increases your heart rate.
  
• Avoid coffee in the afternoon; try a cup of green tea instead or Sleepytime decaf tea before retiring.
  
• For the first few days after DST begins, resist the urge to spend that last hour of daylight outdoors; get inside instead. Stick to your nightly routine.
• Turn off the TV and computer an hour before bedtime (the light from the computer screen or any light can disrupt the body's ability to relax and decrease melatonin output)
• Make your bed as comfortable and cozy as can be, try a memory foam mattress topper. Your room temperature is recommended at 65 degrees or less. 
  
• Practice deep breathing exercises, sleep music, white noise or self hypnosis tapes, which help aid in relaxation and will keep your mind off of your daily stress.
  
• Once you do wake up, make it a point to experience the bright early morning sunlight and get your daily dose of Vitamin D.  Sunlight also helps with your body's sleep/wake cycle.
• If you are having trouble falling asleep, consider eating tart cherries (see below) or eating foods rich in tryptophan such as; nuts, cereal, eggs, turkey and any food full of carbohydrates. Tryptophan is known to make people drowsy.  

The good news is that gaining that hour in the fall is more in tune with the body's natural rhythm, meaning  our bodies adjust much more easily than in the spring.

Tart Cherries:

A growing body of science reveals tart cherries, enjoyed as either dried, frozen cherries or cherry juice, have among the highest levels of disease-fighting antioxidants, when compared to other fruits. They also contain other important nutrients such as beta carotene (19 times more than blueberries or strawberries) vitamin C, potassium, magnesium, iron, fiber and folate.
.
Emerging evidence links cherries to many important health benefits – from helping to ease the pain of arthritis and gout, to reducing risk factors for heart disease, diabetes and certain cancers. Cherries also contain melatonin, which has been found to help regulate the body’s natural sleep patterns, aid with jet lag, prevent memory loss and delay the aging process. 
Good Evening,
Rose Sheepskill